選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)適當的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)劑對超(chao)(chao)聲波(bo)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)效果影(ying)響較大。超(chao)(chao)聲清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)機(ji)制主要(yao)是(shi)空(kong)化(hua)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),除物質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)成(cheng)分、油垢或機(ji)體自身的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械雜質(zhi)外,選(xuan)擇的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)液(ye)(ye)必須(xu)考慮(lv)到清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)粘度(du)和表面張力,才能起到空(kong)化(hua)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。超(chao)(chao)聲清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)對清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求很(hen)高,經常(chang)使用(yong)(yong)幾種(zhong)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)液(ye)(ye)在不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)槽中或依(yi)次進行,每一種(zhong)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)都不一樣。舉(ju)例來說,三氯乙(yi)烯、氫氧化(hua)鈉水溶液(ye)(ye)、合成(cheng)洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)劑、水、酒(jiu)精(jing)先(xian)后(hou)用(yong)(yong)來清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)光學元件,丙酮(tong)及1*混合清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)液(ye)(ye),用(yong)(yong)來清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)半導體設(she)備,用(yong)(yong)2*的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)液(ye)(ye)和去離子水,經過多次清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi),零件表面達到預期效果。
最常見的方(fang)式就是將(jiang)超聲(sheng)波(bo)(bo)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)浸(jin)入槽(cao)內(nei),在含有清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)液(ye)的超聲(sheng)波(bo)(bo)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)槽(cao)內(nei),由超聲(sheng)波(bo)(bo)換(huan)能(neng)器(qi)產生的超聲(sheng)波(bo)(bo)振動由清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)槽(cao)底部(bu)輻射到清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)液(ye)中。尤其(qi)適用于中小(xiao)型(xing)零(ling)件(jian)。對(dui)大小(xiao)、重(zhong)量較大的零(ling)件(jian),可采用局部(bu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的方(fang)法,即將(jiang)零(ling)件(jian)浸(jin)入清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)液(ye)中清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),未清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)分(fen)浸(jin)在清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)液(ye)中,直至(zhi)完全清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。另(ling)外一(yi)(yi)種方(fang)法是根據大尺寸(cun)零(ling)件(jian)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)及局部(bu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的需要,設計(ji)特殊形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)的超聲(sheng)換(huan)能(neng)器(qi),實現(xian)局部(bu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。對(dui)具(ju)有嚴格清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)要求的零(ling)件(jian),在不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的槽(cao)內(nei)采用多種不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)液(ye)進(jin)行(xing)超聲(sheng)波(bo)(bo)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。另(ling)外,還可以使用其(qi)他的清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)法,例如(ru)加熱(re)浸(jin)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),超聲(sheng)波(bo)(bo)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)等。對(dui)含有特厚油脂的零(ling)件(jian),一(yi)(yi)般先(xian)用熱(re)浸(jin)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)或高(gao)溫噴(pen)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),再用超聲(sheng)波(bo)(bo)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。對(dui)某些零(ling)件(jian)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)過于復雜,如(ru)孔、孔角不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)致等,可采用一(yi)(yi)次多次清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),即在不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)超聲(sheng)頻率下(xia)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。
清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)液(ye)的(de)(de)超(chao)聲(sheng)振動(dong)(dong)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)對超(chao)聲(sheng)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)效(xiao)果有很(hen)大的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang),這是因為它對空化的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)很(hen)大。通常(chang)用(yong)(yong)在20kHz左(zuo)右。約(yue)20kHz時容(rong)易產生氣穴,清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)效(xiao)果明顯(xian)。但是對表面要求高(gao)、孔(kong)徑或縫隙(xi)小(xiao)的(de)(de)產品,宜使(shi)用(yong)(yong)短波(bo)、能(neng)量(liang)集中的(de)(de)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)超(chao)聲(sheng)波(bo)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi),有時頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)可(ke)達800KHz。但高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)超(chao)聲(sheng)振動(dong)(dong)在清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)液(ye)中衰減大,作用(yong)(yong)距離短,空化強度小(xiao),清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)低。另(ling)外,由于高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)指向性引起的(de)(de)“陰(yin)影(ying)”區域,部(bu)分(fen)部(bu)件不能(neng)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)無頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)跟蹤(zong)超(chao)聲(sheng)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)裝置(zhi)時,需要對發(fa)生器頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)進行調節,使(shi)其輸出信號的(de)(de)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)與傳感器的(de)(de)固有振動(dong)(dong)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)一(yi)(yi)致。這時,空泡(pao)效(xiao)應最強。清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)液(ye)中可(ke)見大量(liang)積聚的(de)(de)白色物質。手指頭像(xiang)一(yi)(yi)根針一(yi)(yi)樣。
高功(gong)率(lv)密(mi)度(du)的(de)超聲清洗(xi)是(shi)提(ti)高超聲清洗(xi)效率(lv)的(de)有效途徑。然而,功(gong)率(lv)密(mi)度(du)過高會(hui)由(you)于氣(qi)蝕(shi)過強而對工(gong)件表(biao)面造(zao)成侵蝕(shi)(即氣(qi)蝕(shi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)),對工(gong)件造(zao)成損害,尤其(qi)是(shi)對于有各種涂層的(de)工(gong)件或鋁及(ji)鋁合(he)金(jin)工(gong)件。能量密(mi)度(du)過大也不會(hui)產生飽和(he)效應。對油污嚴重、形(xing)狀復雜、深孔盲孔的(de)零件,清洗(xi)槽要(yao)深、清洗(xi)液粘度(du)大、功(gong)率(lv)密(mi)度(du)大。高頻率(lv)超聲清洗(xi)功(gong)率(lv)密(mi)度(du)也很大。能量密(mi)度(du)可在用水或酒精清洗(xi)或漂洗(xi)時(shi)降(jiang)低。
由于清洗液(ye)的空化程度與溫(wen)度有關(guan),溫(wen)度的升高(gao)有利(li)于汽蝕,但(dan)蒸氣(qi)(qi)壓力也相應增大。溫(wen)度過高(gao)會使氣(qi)(qi)穴減少。所(suo)以必須保持一定的溫(wen)度范圍。例如水(shui)溶劑清洗液(ye)一般(ban)在(zai)45℃左右(you),三氯乙烯清洗液(ye)約(yue)75℃,水(shui)約(yue)60℃。對揮發性和易燃的清洗液(ye),溫(wen)度不(bu)宜(yi)過高(gao)。
超聲(sheng)清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)果和質(zhi)量(liang)取決(jue)于超聲(sheng)清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)時間(jian)。對于清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)要(yao)求,時間(jian)過(guo)短。但是,零(ling)件(jian)表面氣蝕腐蝕嚴重(zhong),從而影響零(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang),延長使用壽命,不(bu)僅降低(di)生產效(xiao)(xiao)率。油污(wu)染嚴重(zhong),形狀復(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)零(ling)件(jian),清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)時間(jian)要(yao)長。不(bu)同涂層(ceng)的(de)(de)鋁及鋁合(he)金零(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)時間(jian)不(bu)宜過(guo)長。一般(ban)說來(lai),表面光(guang)潔(jie)度高(gao)的(de)(de)零(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)油污(wu)較少,清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)時間(jian)不(bu)宜過(guo)長。特(te)定的(de)(de)清潔(jie)時間(jian)要(yao)通過(guo)實驗確定。
為(wei)改善清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)效(xiao)果,并確保超聲波清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)裝置的(de)正(zheng)常使(shi)(shi)用,部(bu)件在(zai)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)槽中的(de)位(wei)置應引(yin)起重(zhong)視。開始,要(yao)避免在(zai)超聲振動(dong)輻射(she)面直接擠壓零件,使(shi)(shi)輻射(she)面無(wu)法(fa)產生預期(qi)的(de)振動(dong),導致清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)裝置無(wu)法(fa)正(zheng)常工(gong)作。對(dui)較重(zhong)的(de)部(bu)件尤其重(zhong)要(yao)。部(bu)件由專用工(gong)具吊(diao)在(zai)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)槽內,并盡可(ke)能(neng)接近表面。第(di)二,關鍵的(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)部(bu)位(wei)必須對(dui)準超聲波源(yuan)。三(san)是要(yao)考慮(lv)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)潔后污物能(neng)夠順利排(pai)放。第(di)四,使(shi)(shi)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)液(ye)(ye)在(zai)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)槽內的(de)對(dui)流。使(shi)(shi)用循環連續補充(chong)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)液(ye)(ye)的(de)方法(fa)時,進(jin)液(ye)(ye)速度不宜過(guo)快,否則(ze)由于(yu)補充(chong)的(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)洗(xi)液(ye)(ye)中氣體較多(duo),氣穴就(jiu)會減弱。
在盲孔(kong)清(qing)洗時,應先(xian)在盲孔(kong)內(nei)注入清(qing)洗液,然后將盲孔(kong)對準超聲(sheng)源。清(qing)潔時,要始(shi)終將清(qing)洗液注入孔(kong)內(nei),以達到顯(xian)著的效果(guo)。
超(chao)音波清(qing)洗(xi)槽(cao)應避(bi)免撞擊及(ji)快速冷(leng)卻(que)加熱,以免損壞與傳感(gan)器(qi)的(de)連接(jie)。對某些零件進(jin)行(xing)超(chao)聲清(qing)洗(xi)時,應進(jin)行(xing)消磁處(chu)理(li),否則殘余(yu)鐵屑(xie)不易(yi)清(qing)除。
超聲(sheng)清洗質(zhi)量檢查(cha)主要是檢查(cha)被清潔零(ling)件表面的污垢殘(can)留(liu)。
廣東固特超聲股份有限公(gong)司現已成(cheng)為集超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)(bo)應用技(ji)術研究、超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)(bo)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)機(ji)(ji)設備(bei)研發(fa)(fa)、生產(chan)、銷售和(he)技(ji)術服務于(yu)(yu)一(yi)體的(de)(de)(de)國家(jia)高新技(ji)術企業。公司在超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)(bo)行(xing)業中(zhong)占有(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)地位,作為業界公認(ren)的(de)(de)(de)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)(bo)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)技(ji)術解決(jue)方(fang)案專家(jia),固(gu)特(te)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)2015年率先在新三板掛牌上(shang)市。是擁有(you)專業研發(fa)(fa)團隊的(de)(de)(de)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)(bo)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)機(ji)(ji)廠家(jia),率先提出健康家(jia)用超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)(bo)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)機(ji)(ji)品類并開發(fa)(fa)了百款(kuan)產(chan)品,是商用超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)(bo)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)機(ji)(ji)、工(gong)業超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)(bo)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)機(ji)(ji)、超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)環保設備(bei)尤其是超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)除垢設備(bei)領(ling)域行(xing)業翹楚,擅長產(chan)業資(zi)本和(he)金融(rong)資(zi)本的(de)(de)(de)對接,致(zhi)力于(yu)(yu)成(cheng)為超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)(sheng)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)綜合(he)服務領(ling)軍(jun)企業。